特(te)高壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網是服務(wu)范圍(wei)廣、優化配置能(neng)(neng)力強、安全(quan)可靠性高、綠(lv)色低碳(tan)的(de)綜(zong)(zong)合(he)平(ping)臺(tai)，能(neng)(neng)夠推動(dong)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)產和(he)消費革命，實現清潔(jie)替(ti)代和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)替(ti)代。特(te)高壓(ya)(ya)由1000千伏及以(yi)上交流和(he)±800千伏及以(yi)上直流輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)構成。特(te)高壓(ya)(ya)是目前世界(jie)上先進的(de)輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)技術，具有遠距離(li)、大容(rong)量、低損耗(hao)、少占地的(de)綜(zong)(zong)合(he)優勢，可以(yi)更安全(quan)、更環保地配置能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，是實現能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)集約開發(fa)、促(cu)進清潔(jie)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)展、有效解決霧霾問(wen)題的(de)重要載體，更是轉變能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)展方式、保障能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安全(quan)、服務(wu)經濟社會發(fa)展的(de)必(bi)由之路，也是我(wo)國搶占世界(jie)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)展制高點、帶動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)裝備(bei)業“走出(chu)去(qu)”的(de)重要舉措。
黨中央、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務院領導高(gao)(gao)度重(zhong)視特(te)(te)(te)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)發(fa)(fa)展。習近平(ping)總書(shu)記在(zai)中央財經領導小(xiao)組第(di)6次會議上指出(chu)，保(bao)障國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)安全，必須推(tui)動(dong)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)“四個(ge)革命、一個(ge)合作”，要(yao)(yao)(yao)繼續(xu)建設(she)以電(dian)力外送(song)為主的千萬千瓦級大(da)(da)型煤電(dian)基地(di)，繼續(xu)發(fa)(fa)展遠距離大(da)(da)容量輸(shu)電(dian)技術。李克強總理(li)在(zai)新一屆國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)委員(yuan)會會議上指出(chu)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)深化能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)結(jie)構調整，加快開(kai)工(gong)建設(she)包(bao)括特(te)(te)(te)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)在(zai)內的一批重(zhong)大(da)(da)項(xiang)目(mu)。2011-2015年，全國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人大(da)(da)代表、政協委員(yuan)在(zai)全國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)“兩會”提交(jiao)有關發(fa)(fa)展特(te)(te)(te)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的建議、提案達250 項(xiang)，并列入全國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人大(da)(da)、政協辦(ban)公(gong)廳重(zhong)點督辦(ban)事(shi)項(xiang)。能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)輸(shu)出(chu)、輸(shu)入省份迫切(qie)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求加快特(te)(te)(te)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)網(wang)建設(she)。特(te)(te)(te)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)已納入國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家“十一五(wu)”和“十二(er)五(wu)”規劃(hua)(hua)綱要(yao)(yao)(yao)、能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)展“十二(er)五(wu)”規劃(hua)(hua)、大(da)(da)氣(qi)污染(ran)防治行動(dong)計劃(hua)(hua)、能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)展戰略行動(dong)計劃(hua)(hua)。特(te)(te)(te)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)交(jiao)流試驗示范工(gong)程(cheng)獲得(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家科學技術進步獎特(te)(te)(te)等獎與中國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)工(gong)業大(da)(da)獎。特(te)(te)(te)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)交(jiao)流電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)成為標準，實(shi)現(xian)“中國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)創造”和“中國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)引領”，贏得(de)社會高(gao)(gao)度關注。 2014年2月與2015年7月，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家電(dian)網(wang)公(gong)司成功中標巴西美麗山水電(dian)特(te)(te)(te)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)直(zhi)流送(song)出(chu)一期與二(er)期項(xiang)目(mu)，實(shi)現(xian)了我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)特(te)(te)(te)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)技術、裝(zhuang)備(bei)、工(gong)程(cheng)總承包(bao)和生產(chan)運營成套“走出(chu)去”，有力彰顯特(te)(te)(te)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)影響力。
特(te)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)“一頭(tou)連著西部(bu)(bu)清潔(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源開(kai)發(fa)(fa)利用、一頭(tou)連著東(dong)中部(bu)(bu)霧霾治理”，發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)特(te)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)已成為(wei)國家(jia)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)、清潔(jie)(jie)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)戰略重(zhong)點(dian)。2014年(nian)5月，包括“四交(jiao)四直(zhi)”特(te)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)工程(cheng)在內的(de)12條重(zhong)點(dian)輸電(dian)通(tong)道納入國家(jia)大(da)氣污染(ran)防治行(xing)動計劃，并將于2017年(nian)全部(bu)(bu)建(jian)成投(tou)運。2014年(nian)8月，國家(jia)發(fa)(fa)改委(wei)印發(fa)(fa)《國家(jia)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)改革委(wei)關于加(jia)快推進信息(xi)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)油氣等重(zhong)大(da)網(wang)(wang)絡工程(cheng)建(jian)設的(de)通(tong)知(zhi)》，要求大(da)力(li)推進“西電(dian)東(dong)送”戰略，應用特(te)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)交(jiao)直(zhi)流(liu)輸電(dian)技術，加(jia)快建(jian)設一批跨區(qu)輸電(dian)通(tong)道。通(tong)過(guo)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)特(te)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)，一方面，可(ke)以(yi)有力(li)推動西南水電(dian)和西部(bu)(bu)、北(bei)部(bu)(bu)清潔(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源大(da)規(gui)模開(kai)發(fa)(fa)外送，破(po)解大(da)型能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源基(ji)地(di)“窩(wo)電(dian)”困局，促進當地(di)資源優(you)勢(shi)轉化為(wei)經濟優(you)勢(shi);另一方面，可(ke)以(yi)有力(li)推動東(dong)中部(bu)(bu)地(di)區(qu)提高(gao)(gao)接受外輸電(dian)比例，增(zeng)加(jia)清潔(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源供應，緩解能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源供應緊張狀況，有力(li)支撐霧霾治理。
特(te)高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)綜合優(you)化配置(zhi)平臺(tai)作用充分(fen)顯現。目前(qian)，國(guo)家(jia)(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)已累計(ji)建(jian)成(cheng)“三交四直(zhi)”特(te)高(gao)壓工(gong)程，在建(jian)“四交六(liu)直(zhi)”特(te)高(gao)壓工(gong)程，在運在建(jian)17條特(te)高(gao)壓輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線路(lu)長度超過(guo)(guo)2.8萬公(gong)里，變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(換(huan)流)容量超過(guo)(guo)2.9億千伏安(千瓦(wa))，累計(ji)送(song)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)超過(guo)(guo)4300億千瓦(wa)時。依托大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，國(guo)家(jia)(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)并網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)裝機已突破1.4億千瓦(wa)，成(cheng)為世界風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、太陽能(neng)(neng)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)并網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)規模zui大的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。為構建(jian)更安全(quan)、更堅強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，保障(zhang)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安全(quan)，適應清潔(jie)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)大規模開發(fa)和用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)多樣化需(xu)要(yao)，滿足經濟社會發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力的(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求，國(guo)家(jia)(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)公(gong)司組織深入研究論證，提(ti)出(chu)了(le)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)總體(ti)格局：到(dao)2020年，將西(xi)部(bu)不同資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)類型的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)互聯，構建(jian)西(xi)部(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang);將東部(bu)主要(yao)受(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)地區電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)互聯，構建(jian)東部(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，形成(cheng)送(song)、受(shou)端結(jie)構清晰，交、直(zhi)流協調發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)2個(ge)同步電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。到(dao)2025年，建(jian)設(she)東部(bu)、西(xi)部(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)同步聯網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)工(gong)程，國(guo)家(jia)(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)形成(cheng)一個(ge)同步電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。特(te)高(gao)壓將在大范(fan)圍優(you)化能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)配置(zhi)，保障(zhang)我國(guo)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安全(quan)、經濟、清潔(jie)、發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)等(deng)方面，發(fa)揮著日益重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)作用。
為(wei)主動(dong)適(shi)(shi)應經濟(ji)(ji)發(fa)展新常態(tai)，深(shen)化能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)生產(chan)和消(xiao)費革命，推(tui)進(jin)大(da)氣污染(ran)防治(zhi)，亟需(xu)(xu)進(jin)一步加(jia)快(kuai)推(tui)進(jin)特(te)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)建(jian)設(she)。隨(sui)著經濟(ji)(ji)社會發(fa)展，我國(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)還將保持中高(gao)速(su)增長，東中部(bu)(bu)(bu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)經濟(ji)(ji)發(fa)達(da)，經濟(ji)(ji)總量大(da)，用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基數大(da)、比重高(gao)，未(wei)來(lai)新興戰略產(chan)業、新業態(tai)服務業將加(jia)快(kuai)發(fa)展，加(jia)之(zhi)人口向(xiang)東部(bu)(bu)(bu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)集(ji)聚，仍將是我國(guo)的(de)(de)負荷(he)中心(xin)。另一方面，國(guo)家規(gui)劃建(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)西南(nan)水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基地(di)(di)(di)(di)、9個(ge)大(da)型煤電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基地(di)(di)(di)(di)、9個(ge)大(da)型風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基地(di)(di)(di)(di)與東中部(bu)(bu)(bu)負荷(he)中心(xin)距(ju)離一般在(zai)800-4000公里(li)，能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)基地(di)(di)(di)(di)向(xiang)負荷(he)中心(xin)輸(shu)送電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)的(de)(de)規(gui)模將越來(lai)越大(da)，靠技(ji)(ji)改和擴建(jian)500千伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)，無法適(shi)(shi)應大(da)規(gui)模“西電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)東送、北電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)南(nan)供”的(de)(de)要求(qiu)，必(bi)須(xu)加(jia)快(kuai)發(fa)展特(te)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)，實(shi)現(xian)技(ji)(ji)術升級。在(zai)“四(si)(si)交四(si)(si)直(zhi)(zhi)”及國(guo)家已明確的(de)(de)特(te)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)跨(kua)區(qu)輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)項目(mu)基礎上(shang)，為(wei)控制東中部(bu)(bu)(bu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)煤炭(tan)消(xiao)費總量，治(zhi)理嚴重霧霾，滿足西部(bu)(bu)(bu)、北部(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)基地(di)(di)(di)(di)和西南(nan)水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基地(di)(di)(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)外(wai)送需(xu)(xu)要，提高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)安全(quan)穩定水平，亟需(xu)(xu)抓緊建(jian)設(she)“五(wu)交八(ba)直(zhi)(zhi)”后續(xu)特(te)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)，早(zao)日建(jian)成統一同步電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)，為(wei)構建(jian)全(quan)球能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)互聯網(wang)(wang)奠定堅實(shi)基礎。“五(wu)交八(ba)直(zhi)(zhi)”工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)每年可輸(shu)送清潔電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)7600億(yi)千瓦時，相當于減(jian)少(shao)東中部(bu)(bu)(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)煤消(xiao)耗3.4億(yi)噸(dun)，節能(neng)(neng)減(jian)排(pai)作用顯著。2015-2020年，包括“五(wu)交八(ba)直(zhi)(zhi)”特(te)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)在(zai)內的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)規(gui)劃總投(tou)資3.3萬億(yi)元(yuan)，帶動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)和煤礦(kuang)投(tou)資3.2萬億(yi)元(yuan)，合計6.5萬億(yi)元(yuan)，年均拉動(dong)GDP增長超過0.8個(ge)百分點(dian)，增加(jia)稅收1500億(yi)元(yuan)，提供就(jiu)業崗位(wei) 180萬個(ge)，有利于消(xiao)化鋼(gang)鐵、原鋁、水泥等產(chan)業過剩產(chan)能(neng)(neng)，推(tui)動(dong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子信息、通信、物聯網(wang)(wang)等新興產(chan)業發(fa)展，帶動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)(gong)裝備業走出去，送電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)省(sheng)份和受(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)省(sheng)份都能(neng)(neng)直(zhi)(zhi)接獲益。
