電力電纜故障測試儀工作原理是什么?
標簽: 電纜故障測試儀
電力電纜故障測試儀的(de)(de)工作原理(li):方法(fa)是首先在不擊穿被測電(dian)纜故障(zhang)(zhang)點的(de)(de)情況(kuang)下,測得(de)低壓(ya)脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)反射(she)波形(xing),緊接著用高壓(ya)脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)擊穿電(dian)纜的(de)(de)故障(zhang)(zhang)點產生電(dian)弧,電(dian)弧電(dian)壓(ya)降到一(yi)定值(zhi)時(shi)觸(chu)發中壓(ya)脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)來(lai)穩(wen)定和延長電(dian)弧時(shi)間(jian),之后再發出低壓(ya)脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong),從(cong)而得(de)到故障(zhang)(zhang)點的(de)(de)反射(she)波形(xing),兩條波形(xing)疊加后同樣(yang)可以發現(xian)發散點就是故障(zhang)(zhang)點對應的(de)(de)位置。
由于(yu)采用了中壓脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)來穩定(ding)和(he)延長電弧(hu)時(shi)間(jian)(jian),比二次(ci)(ci)脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)更容易(yi)得到故(gu)(gu)(gu)障點(dian)波形(xing)。相對于(yu)二次(ci)(ci)脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)由于(yu)三次(ci)(ci)脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)不(bu)用選擇燃(ran)弧(hu)的(de)同步(bu)時(shi)長,操(cao)作(zuo)起來也跟(gen)加(jia)簡便。三次(ci)(ci)脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)采用雙沖(chong)(chong)(chong)擊方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)延長燃(ran)弧(hu)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)并穩弧(hu),能夠輕易(yi)地定(ding)位(wei)高(gao)阻故(gu)(gu)(gu)障和(he)閃絡性故(gu)(gu)(gu)障。三次(ci)(ci)脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)技術先進,操(cao)作(zuo)簡單,波形(xing)清(qing)晰,定(ding)位(wei)快速準(zhun)確,目前已經成為高(gao)阻故(gu)(gu)(gu)障和(he)閃絡性故(gu)(gu)(gu)障的(de)主流定(ding)位(wei)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。三次(ci)(ci)脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)是二次(ci)(ci)脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)升級。
全長及電纜故障點距測試端的大致位置。電纜故障定點儀是電纜故障測試儀主機確定電纜故障點的大致位置的基礎上來確定電纜故障點的*位置。對于未知走向的埋地電纜,電力電纜故障測試儀的工作原理電力電纜故障測試儀由電力電纜故障測試儀主機、電纜故障定位儀、電纜路徑儀三個主要局部組成。電纜故障測試儀主機用于丈量電纜故障故障性質。需使用路徑儀來確定電纜的地下走向。電力電纜故障進行測試的基本方法是通過對故障電力電纜施加高壓脈沖,電纜故障點處產生擊穿,電纜故障擊穿點放電的同時對外發生電磁波并同時發出聲音。
讓電(dian)纜的(de)(de)高(gao)阻故(gu)障(zhang)點發生(sheng)擊(ji)穿燃弧。同時,測試端加入丈量(liang)(liang)用的(de)(de)低(di)壓(ya)脈沖(chong),丈量(liang)(liang)脈沖(chong)到(dao)達(da)電(dian)纜的(de)(de)高(gao)阻故(gu)障(zhang)點時,遇到(dao)電(dian)弧,電(dian)弧的(de)(de)外表發生(sheng)反射。由于燃弧時,高(gao)阻故(gu)障(zhang)變成(cheng)了瞬間的(de)(de)短路故(gu)障(zhang),低(di)壓(ya)丈量(liang)(liang)脈沖(chong)將發生(sheng)明顯的(de)(de)阻抗特(te)征(zheng)變化,使(shi)得(de)閃(shan)絡測量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)波(bo)形變為低(di)壓(ya)脈沖(chong)短路波(bo)形,使(shi)得(de)波(bo)形判別特(te)別簡單清晰。
這就是稱(cheng)之(zhi)為的(de)二次(ci)脈沖(chong)(chong)法(fa)”接(jie)收到低壓(ya)脈沖(chong)(chong)反射波(bo)(bo)形相(xiang)當于一個線芯對地完全短路的(de)波(bo)(bo)形。將釋(shi)放(fang)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)脈沖(chong)(chong)時與未釋(shi)放(fang)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)脈沖(chong)(chong)時所得到低壓(ya)脈沖(chong)(chong)波(bo)(bo)形進行疊加,2個波(bo)(bo)形會有一個發散點(dian),這發散點(dian)就是故(gu)障點(dian)的(de)反射波(bo)(bo)形點(dian)。這種方(fang)法(fa)把(ba)低壓(ya)脈沖(chong)(chong)法(fa)和高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)閃絡技術結合在(zai)一起(qi),使測試人員更容(rong)易(yi)判斷出故(gu)障點(dian)的(de)位置。
與傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)測試方(fang)法(fa)相比,弧(hu)反射法(fa)(二次脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)法(fa))電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障定(ding)位中的(de)(de)應用的(de)(de)工(gong)作原理:首先(xian)使用一定(ding)電(dian)(dian)壓等(deng)級、一定(ding)能量(liang)的(de)(de)高壓脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)測試端(duan)施加給故(gu)(gu)(gu)障電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)。二次脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)法(fa)的(de)(de)先(xian)進之處,將沖(chong)(chong)擊高壓閃絡法(fa)中的(de)(de)復雜(za)波形簡(jian)化為zui簡(jian)單(dan)的(de)(de)低壓脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)短(duan)路(lu)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障波形,所以判讀極為簡(jian)單(dan),可(ke)準確標定(ding)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障距離。