巧用電纜故障測試儀檢測隱患點

　　巧用電纜故障測試儀檢測隱患點，電纜故障的種類與判斷：無論是高壓電纜或低壓電纜，在施工安裝、運行過程中經常因短路、過負荷運行、絕緣老化或外力損壞等原因造成故障。意聯電氣為您闡述電纜故障點的實用測定方法，方便大家順利找到電纜故障點。
　　電纜故障分為接地、短路、斷線三類 ：三芯電纜故障類型主要有以下幾方面：一芯或兩芯接觸；二相芯線間短路；三相芯線完全短路；一相芯線斷線或多相斷線。對于直接短路或斷線故障用萬用表可直接測量判斷，對于非直接短路和接池故障，用兆歐表遙測芯線間絕緣電阻或芯線對地絕緣電阻，根據其阻值可判定故障類型。
　　電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)點(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)查(cha)找(zhao)(zhao)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)　a、測(ce)聲(sheng)(sheng)法(fa)(fa)：所謂測(ce)聲(sheng)(sheng)法(fa)(fa)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)根(gen)據(ju)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)聲(sheng)(sheng)音(yin)進行查(cha)找(zhao)(zhao)，該方(fang)法(fa)(fa)對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)芯(xin)線(xian)對(dui)(dui)絕緣(yuan)層閃(shan)絡(luo)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)較為有效。此方(fang)法(fa)(fa)所用(yong)(yong)設備為直(zhi)流(liu)耐壓(ya)試(shi)驗機(ji)。 b、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)橋法(fa)(fa)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)橋法(fa)(fa)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)雙臂電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)橋測(ce)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)芯(xin)線(xian)的(de)(de)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)值，再(zai)準確(que)測(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)實際(ji)長(chang)度，按照電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)長(chang)度與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)的(de)(de)正(zheng)比(bi)(bi)(bi)例(li)關(guan)系，計(ji)算(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)點(dian)(dian)。該方(fang)法(fa)(fa)對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)芯(xin)線(xian)間(jian)直(zhi)接(jie)短(duan)路或短(duan)路點(dian)(dian)接(jie)觸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)小于(yu)(yu)1Ω的(de)(de)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)，判(pan)斷誤差(cha)一般不(bu)大于(yu)(yu)3m，對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)點(dian)(dian)接(jie)觸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)大于(yu)(yu)1Ω的(de)(de)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)，可采(cai)用(yong)(yong)加高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)燒穿的(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)降至1Ω以下，再(zai)按此方(fang)法(fa)(fa)測(ce)量(liang)。  c、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)測(ce)定法(fa)(fa)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)在(zai)運(yun)行中，芯(xin)線(xian)之間(jian)、芯(xin)線(xian)對(dui)(dui)地(di)都(dou)存在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)，該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)是(shi)均勻分布的(de)(de)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量(liang)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)長(chang)度呈(cheng)線(xian)性比(bi)(bi)(bi)例(li)關(guan)系，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)測(ce)定法(fa)(fa)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)根(gen)據(ju)這一原理(li)進行測(ce)定的(de)(de)，對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)芯(xin)線(xian)斷線(xian)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)的(de)(de)測(ce)定非常準確(que)。  d、零電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)法(fa)(fa)：零電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)法(fa)(fa)也就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)比(bi)(bi)(bi)較法(fa)(fa)，它適應(ying)于(yu)(yu)長(chang)度較短(duan)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)芯(xin)線(xian)對(dui)(dui)地(di)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)，應(ying)用(yong)(yong)此方(fang)法(fa)(fa)測(ce)量(liang)簡便(bian)準確(que)，不(bu)需要(yao)精(jing)密儀器和復雜計(ji)算(suan)(suan)。