電纜故障測試儀原理
標簽: 電纜故障測試儀,
電力電纜故障測試儀工作原理電力電纜故障測試儀由電力電纜故障測試儀主機、電纜故障定位儀、電纜路徑儀三個主要部分組成。電纜故障測試儀主機用于測量電纜故障故障性質,全長及電纜故障點距測試端的大致位置。電纜故障定點儀是在電纜故障測試儀主機確定電纜故障點的大致位置的基礎上來確定電纜故障點的準確位置。對于未知走向的埋地電纜,需使用路徑儀來確定電纜的地下走向。電力電纜故障進行測試的基本方法是通過對故障電力電纜施加高壓脈沖,在電纜故障點處產生擊穿,電纜故障擊穿點放電的同時對外產生并同時發出聲音。
弧反射法(二次脈沖法)在電纜故障定位中的應用的工作原理:使用一定電壓等級、一定能量的高壓脈沖在電纜的測試端施加給故障電纜,讓電纜的高阻故障點發生擊穿燃弧。同時,在測試端加入測量用的低壓脈沖,測量脈沖到達電纜的高阻故障點時,遇到電弧,在電弧的表面發生反射。由于燃弧時,高阻故障變成了瞬間的短路故障,低壓測量脈沖將發生明顯的特征變化,使得閃絡測量的波形變為低壓脈沖短路波形,使得波形判別特別簡單清晰。這就是我們稱之為的“二次脈沖法”。接收到的低壓脈沖反射波形相當于一個線芯對地完全短路的波形。將釋放高壓脈沖時與未釋放高壓脈沖時所得到的低壓脈沖波形進行疊加,2個波形會有一個發散點,這發散點就是故障點的反射波形點。這種方法把低壓脈沖法和高壓閃絡技術結合在一起,使測試人員更容易判斷出故障點的位置。與傳統的測試方法相比,二次脈沖法的先進之處,是將沖擊高壓閃絡法中的復雜波形簡化為簡單的低壓脈沖短路故障波形,所以判讀極為簡單,可準確標定故障距離。
三(san)(san)次(ci)(ci)脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)法(fa)(fa)采用雙沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)擊(ji)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)延(yan)長燃弧(hu)時(shi)間(jian)并穩(wen)弧(hu),能夠輕易(yi)地定(ding)(ding)(ding)位高阻故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)和(he)閃(shan)絡(luo)性(xing)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)。三(san)(san)次(ci)(ci)脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)法(fa)(fa)技術(shu)先進,操(cao)作簡(jian)單,波形清晰,定(ding)(ding)(ding)位快速準確,目(mu)前已經成(cheng)為高阻故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)和(he)閃(shan)絡(luo)性(xing)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)的(de)(de)主流定(ding)(ding)(ding)位方(fang)法(fa)(fa)。三(san)(san)次(ci)(ci)脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)法(fa)(fa)是二(er)次(ci)(ci)脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)升級,其(qi)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)是首(shou)先在不(bu)擊(ji)穿被測電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)點(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)情況下,測得低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)反(fan)射波形,緊接著用高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)擊(ji)穿電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)點(dian)(dian)產(chan)生電(dian)弧(hu),在電(dian)弧(hu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)降到(dao)一(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)值時(shi)觸發中壓(ya)(ya)(ya)脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)來(lai)穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)(ding)和(he)延(yan)長電(dian)弧(hu)時(shi)間(jian),之后再發出低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong),從而得到(dao)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)點(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)反(fan)射波形,兩條波形疊加(jia)后同樣可以發現發散點(dian)(dian)就是故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)點(dian)(dian)對應的(de)(de)位置。由(you)于(yu)采用了中壓(ya)(ya)(ya)脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)來(lai)穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)(ding)和(he)延(yan)長電(dian)弧(hu)時(shi)間(jian),它比二(er)次(ci)(ci)脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)法(fa)(fa)更容易(yi)得到(dao)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)點(dian)(dian)波形。相對于(yu)二(er)次(ci)(ci)脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)法(fa)(fa)由(you)于(yu)三(san)(san)次(ci)(ci)脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)法(fa)(fa)不(bu)用選(xuan)擇燃弧(hu)的(de)(de)同步(bu)時(shi)長,操(cao)作起來(lai)也跟加(jia)簡(jian)便。