35kv高壓電纜故障查找及定位方法

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　　35kv高壓電纜故障查找及定位方法：電(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)設(she)計(ji)中(zhong)，包含單(dan)(dan)芯電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)和三芯電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)，通常情況下，對于6至(zhi)10kV的(de)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)，應選(xuan)(xuan)取三芯電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)；而(er)超過(guo)66kV的(de)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)，則選(xuan)(xuan)取單(dan)(dan)芯電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)。然而(er)，對于電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等(deng)級(ji)為(wei)35kV的(de)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)來說，其既可(ke)以選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)三芯電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)，也可(ke)以選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)單(dan)(dan)芯電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)，35kV電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)問題(ti)成為(wei)廣(guang)大(da)(da)工(gong)程(cheng)技術工(gong)作者關注的(de)焦點。過(guo)對35 kV三芯與單(dan)(dan)芯電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)分析與比較,明確(que)了(le)各自(zi)的(de)適用(yong)環境與條件(jian),可(ke)以為(wei)廣(guang)大(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)力(li)技術人(ren)員在工(gong)程(cheng)實(shi)踐中(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)提(ti)供一定的(de)借鑒與幫助。 

電纜故障的原因:

　　a）電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)的機械(xie)損傷(shang)。電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)在安裝的過程中(zhong)很有可(ke)能因(yin)為(wei)施工疏忽造(zao)成機械(xie)損傷(shang)，在電(dian)(dian)力(li)敷(fu)設的過程中(zhong)由于(yu)拉動(dong)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)的力(li)度過大，或是(shi)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)拖地摩擦等，都有可(ke)能使電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)的保護層受(shou)到破壞(huai)，或者是(shi)在安裝完(wan)成后，當靠近電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)進行作業時，直接(jie)外力(li)對電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)造(zao)成破壞(huai)。其次，惡劣(lie)的自(zi)然環(huan)境也(ye)可(ke)能會對電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)線(xian)造(zao)成損傷(shang)，導致電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)的內絕緣膠膨脹和電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)護套脹裂等問題(ti)。

　　b）絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)受潮(chao)及(ji)老化變(bian)質(zhi)。當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)密封效(xiao)果不良，很(hen)有出現電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)受潮(chao)的(de)情況。受潮(chao)后，會(hui)降低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，露電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流將會(hui)不斷(duan)增(zeng)大(da)，介質(zhi)的(de)損耗也逐(zhu)漸增(zeng)大(da)，熱效(xiao)應越來越嚴重，在熱和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)影響下，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)性(xing)能會(hui)因(yin)此改變(bian)，大(da)大(da)降低(di)了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)強度，進而(er)致(zhi)使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)老化崩潰。當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)介質(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離時，絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發生碳化，氣隙中會(hui)產生部分(fen)臭氧來腐(fu)蝕絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，進而(er)導致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)失去絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)能力。 

　　c） 超(chao)負(fu)(fu)荷(he)運(yun)行。電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)線是不允許超(chao)負(fu)(fu)荷(he)運(yun)行的(de)(de)，過電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)與過電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)均可能導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)損(sun)壞。電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)具有熱效應，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)流(liu)過，介(jie)質的(de)(de)損(sun)耗造成大量(liang)熱量(liang)加(jia)上電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)運(yun)行發出的(de)(de)熱量(liang)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)長時間的(de)(de)運(yun)行和負(fu)(fu)載的(de)(de)增加(jia)，會使電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)溫度逐(zhu)漸升(sheng)高，如果(guo)是夏季，再(zai)加(jia)上外界環境(jing)的(de)(de)溫度，往(wang)往(wang)會造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)出現(xian)一定的(de)(de)損(sun)壞。另(ling)外當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)內(nei)部出現(xian)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)問題時，很(hen)容易引起電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)線的(de)(de)絕緣擊穿。

　　d）電(dian)纜接頭故(gu)障(zhang)。電(dian)纜接頭是電(dian)纜線(xian)路(lu)中薄弱(ruo)的環節，由人員直接過(guo)失（施(shi)工不良）引發的電(dian)纜接頭故(gu)障(zhang)時常發生。如(ru)接頭壓接不實(shi)、加熱不充分等原因等。 

電纜故障的查找方法及定位

　　a）等(deng)(deng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)測量(liang)(liang)法。等(deng)(deng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)測量(liang)(liang)法又被稱為(wei)零電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)測量(liang)(liang)法。具體(ti)測量(liang)(liang)步驟如下：①選取與故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)規格相同、長(chang)度相等(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)，保證測量(liang)(liang)準確。②將這條電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)與故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)并聯連接(jie)。③將伏(fu)安(an)特性表的(de)(de)(de)負(fu)極接(jie)地(di)，正極從并聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)端(duan)開(kai)始移動，直至伏(fu)安(an)特性表的(de)(de)(de)讀數為(wei)零時停止(zhi)移動。此(ci)時，與正常電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)相對應的(de)(de)(de)那條故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)(de)位(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)就是(shi)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)點的(de)(de)(de)位(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)。等(deng)(deng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)測量(liang)(liang)法測量(liang)(liang)精(jing)確、簡便，不(bu)需要精(jing)密(mi)的(de)(de)(de)儀器和復(fu)雜(za)的(de)(de)(de)計算(suan)，不(bu)過這種方法也(ye)存(cun)在(zai)局(ju)限性，即它不(bu)適(shi)用于遠距離的(de)(de)(de) 電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)查(cha)找和定位(wei)(wei)(wei)。 

　　b）聲(sheng)(sheng)測(ce)定(ding)點(dian)(dian)法。聲(sheng)(sheng)測(ce)法，顧(gu)名思(si)義是按照故(gu)障(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)釋放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)聲(sheng)(sheng)查找(zhao)故(gu)障(zhang)，聲(sheng)(sheng)測(ce)定(ding)點(dian)(dian)法適(shi)合(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)主絕緣故(gu)障(zhang)的(de)(de)精(jing)確(que)(que)定(ding)點(dian)(dian)。利用故(gu)障(zhang)點(dian)(dian)在(zai)(zai)高壓沖擊時的(de)(de)擊穿放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)聲(sheng)(sheng)音(yin)進(jin)行精(jing)確(que)(que)的(de)(de)定(ding)位(wei)。其(qi)工作(zuo)原理首先需要一個能使故(gu)障(zhang)點(dian)(dian)產生規則(ze)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)裝置，利用該裝置使故(gu)障(zhang)點(dian)(dian)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，然后(hou)才(cai)可以在(zai)(zai)初測(ce)的(de)(de)距離附近，沿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)線路，用拾(shi)音(yin)器來(lai)接收故(gu)障(zhang)點(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)聲(sheng)(sheng)波，如果已經聽(ting)(ting)到(dao)(dao)有規律的(de)(de)啪(pa)啪(pa)聲(sheng)(sheng)，故(gu)障(zhang)點(dian)(dian)就在(zai)(zai)此(ci)附件，此(ci)時沿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)走(zou)向(xiang)，前(qian)后(hou)移(yi)動(dong)定(ding)點(dian)(dian)儀(yi)，最后(hou)集中(zhong)(zhong)于最響點(dian)(dian)，以此(ci)來(lai)確(que)(que)定(ding)故(gu)障(zhang)點(dian)(dian)精(jing)確(que)(que)位(wei)置。明(ming)敷(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)可根據聽(ting)(ting)覺直(zhi)接查找(zhao)，而暗敷(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)則(ze)首先需求表明(ming)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)走(zou)向(xiang)，在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)聲(sheng)(sheng)最小時借助助聽(ting)(ting)器或聽(ting)(ting)診(zhen)器放(fang)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)聲(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)辦法進(jin)行查找(zhao)。在(zai)(zai)查找(zhao)過程中(zhong)(zhong)，拾(shi)音(yin)器可貼近地面，沿著(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)走(zou)向(xiang)緩慢移(yi)動(dong)，如聽(ting)(ting)到(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)聲(sheng)(sheng)達(da)到(dao)(dao)最大(da)則(ze)判定(ding)該位(wei)置為故(gu)障(zhang)點(dian)(dian)。應用本方(fang)法僅需注意(yi)安全(quan)問(wen)題，試驗(yan)設備端和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)末端需由(you)專人監視(shi)試驗(yan)過程。 

　　c）沖(chong)閃法(fa)(fa)。“沖(chong)閃法(fa)(fa)”在一定(ding)內(nei)被廣泛的(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)到電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)(de)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)排(pai)除(chu)中，并(bing)得到了(le)一致(zhi)好(hao)評。后來相關(guan)人士(shi)發明了(le)以“沖(chong)閃法(fa)(fa)”為(wei)(wei)原(yuan)理的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)測試儀(yi)，這種測試儀(yi)極大(da)(da)方(fang)便(bian)了(le)為(wei)(wei)電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)(de)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)查找和排(pai)除(chu)。這種儀(yi)器在測試故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)時，首先要先根據(ju)情(qing)況判斷出(chu)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)可(ke)能出(chu)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)部位，再選用(yong)(yong)合適的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)，若出(chu)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)是接(jie)地(di)(di)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)，就(jiu)直接(jie)選用(yong)(yong)測距儀(yi)；如果(guo)出(chu)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)是高阻(zu)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)，就(jiu)可(ke)以采用(yong)(yong)高壓(ya)沖(chong)擊放(fang)(fang)電(dian)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)，同時，還(huan)會用(yong)(yong)到很多(duo)其它的(de)(de)(de)設備如：放(fang)(fang)電(dian)球、高壓(ya)脈沖(chong)電(dian)容(rong)、限流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)以及(ji)高壓(ya)電(dian)阻(zu)等(deng)等(deng)，實際操作起來對操作者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)要求比較高，還(huan)會有(you)大(da)(da)量的(de)(de)(de)安(an)全隱患(huan)。當判斷出(chu)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)可(ke)能出(chu)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)部位后，在電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)(de)路找到電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)號(hao)并(bing)接(jie)受此信(xin)號(hao)，繼而這個信(xin)號(hao)路徑(jing)找一遍，這樣就(jiu)基(ji)本確定(ding)了(le)電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)(de)路徑(jing)。但是，通(tong)常電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)(de)路徑(jing)會有(you)一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)誤差。最(zui)后要根據(ju)聲(sheng)音來測定(ding)距離，從(cong)(cong)一個固的(de)(de)(de)點打火(huo)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)產生(sheng)聲(sheng)音，通(tong)過(guo)耳聽聲(sheng)音最(zui)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)方(fang)，從(cong)(cong)而定(ding)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)點。 

　　d）電(dian)橋(qiao)法。電(dian)橋(qiao)法較為傳統，先(xian)測得電(dian)纜的(de)(de)總長度，獲(huo)取(qu)橋(qiao)壁(bi)平衡所(suo)需調節的(de)(de)數據，在(zai)(zai)此(ci)基礎上(shang)，對測點(dian)到故障(zhang)(zhang)出現(xian)處(chu)的(de)(de)距離(li)進行計算。該方(fang)法比(bi)較適宜在(zai)(zai)發生相間短路的(de)(de)情況中(zhong)使用，不僅方(fang)便快捷，而且(qie)誤差較小。其(qi)缺點(dian)在(zai)(zai)于要(yao)提(ti)前獲(huo)得電(dian)纜的(de)(de)準確長度等信息資料，且(qie)電(dian)纜還需有一(yi)個絕緣(yuan)良(liang)好相。而實際中(zhong)，高阻故障(zhang)(zhang)或(huo)閃絡故障(zhang)(zhang)居(ju)多，如果采用此(ci)方(fang)法，則需要(yao)花費過多的(de)(de)時間。 

　　e）低(di)壓(ya)脈沖發射法(fa)。該方(fang)法(fa)主要是(shi)將低(di)壓(ya)脈沖通(tong)過一定方(fang)式傳(chuan)遞(di)到(dao)電力電纜中，并(bing)不斷傳(chuan)播，所(suo)傳(chuan)遞(di)脈沖的(de)頻率(lv)通(tong)常(chang)都(dou)比較(jiao)高。這(zhe)些低(di)壓(ya)脈沖在電纜中傳(chuan)播時具有自動辨識功能，一旦遇到(dao)故(gu)障點，電磁波就(jiu)會發生反(fan)射，最(zui)終(zhong)由(you)測量儀器接受(shou)。 

　　f）直流閃(shan)絡(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)法(fa)。在(zai)(zai)閃(shan)絡(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)中(zhong)多(duo)用(yong)此(ci)種方法(fa)，借助直電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)在(zai)(zai)極(ji)其短暫(zan)的(de)(de)(de)時間內將纜故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)點擊(ji)穿(chuan)，引起故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)點的(de)(de)(de)閃(shan)絡(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)，然后量其波(bo)(bo)形(xing)，目的(de)(de)(de)是準掌握測量點到(dao)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)點的(de)(de)(de)距離。波(bo)(bo)形(xing)比較容(rong)易理(li)解，而且具有(you)很高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)精(jing)確度，在(zai)(zai)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)較高(gao)(gao)而引起的(de)(de)(de)閃(shan)絡(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)中(zhong)較常用(yong)，但(dan)如果故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)點的(de)(de)(de)電阻太(tai)低，則不適(shi)合(he)選用(yong)這種方法(fa)，否則容(rong)易泄漏電流，流經電纜的(de)(de)(de)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)減小(xiao)，故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)點難以(yi)形(xing)成閃(shan)絡(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)，此(ci)時比較適(shi)合(he)選用(yong)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)閃(shan)絡(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)法(fa)。高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)閃(shan)絡(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵在(zai)(zai)于故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)點是否擊(ji)穿(chuan)放(fang)電。需注意的(de)(de)(de)是，間隙放(fang)電和故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)點被擊(ji)穿(chuan)是沒有(you)必然聯系的(de)(de)(de)。 

電力電纜故障點定位及查找新技術

　　a）高(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)感(gan)應(ying)定(ding)位(wei)(wei)(wei)法(fa)。通過利用高(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)波發生(sheng)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)向電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)輸入高(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin) 電(dian)(dian)(dian)流，由此產生(sheng)高(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁波，并由地上探頭沿著電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)路徑接收電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)周邊的(de)高(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁場，電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁場的(de)變(bian)化(hua)經(jing)接收和(he)處理直(zhi)接顯示(shi)于液(ye)晶(jing)屏幕(mu)上，按照顯示(shi)數(shu)值的(de)大小(xiao)判定(ding)故障(zhang)點(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)。高(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)感(gan)應(ying)定(ding)位(wei)(wei)(wei)法(fa)和(he)傳統音(yin)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)感(gan)應(ying)定(ding)位(wei)(wei)(wei)法(fa)更具優勢，高(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)源(yuan)比(bi)音(yin)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)源(yuan)更易實現且制造簡單(dan)，也(ye)(ye)可(ke)減(jian)少(shao)定(ding)點(dian)探測設備的(de)體積(ji)和(he)重量(liang)，為(wei)(wei)小(xiao)型化(hua)、便攜式(shi)(shi)設備創造更為(wei)(wei)有利的(de)條件(jian)。另外，高(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)的(de)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)譜(pu)抗干(gan)擾能力更強，直(zhi)接顯示(shi)于液(ye)晶(jing)屏幕(mu)的(de)方式(shi)(shi)要比(bi)依靠人耳辨別更為(wei)(wei)可(ke)靠和(he)直(zhi)接，采用高(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)感(gan)應(ying)定(ding)位(wei)(wei)(wei)法(fa)也(ye)(ye)可(ke)在(zai)(zai)不停(ting)的(de)情況下以耦合式(shi)(shi)接線方式(shi)(shi)來完成在(zai)(zai)線故障(zhang)探測。 

　　b）紅(hong)外(wai)熱(re)(re)象(xiang)技術。電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)纜過載，芯線(xian)的(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)(du)急劇攀升(sheng)，由此可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)纜的(de)(de)芯線(xian)溫(wen)度(du)(du)變化(hua)作為判(pan)定故障(zhang)位置的(de)(de)依據(ju)。采用紅(hong)外(wai)熱(re)(re)象(xiang)儀掃描電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)纜表(biao)面(mian)，拍攝表(biao)面(mian)溫(wen)度(du)(du)場的(de)(de)分布(bu)圖像，進(jin)一(yi)步處理得到溫(wen)度(du)(du)場的(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)值(zhi)分布(bu)，然后可(ke)(ke)根據(ju)已建立的(de)(de)傳熱(re)(re)數(shu)(shu)學模型、電(dian)(dian)纜結(jie)構參數(shu)(shu)、物性參數(shu)(shu)、環境溫(wen)度(du)(du)和(he)表(biao)面(mian)溫(wen)度(du)(du)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)纜芯線(xian)的(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)(du)進(jin)行反演計算，從而可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)實現(xian)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)纜芯線(xian)溫(wen)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)非接(jie)觸故障(zhang)探測(ce)。正是紅(hong)外(wai)技術不(bu)需接(jie)觸設(she)備，不(bu)要求設(she)備停運，且具有操(cao)作簡便(bian)、檢測(ce)速度(du)(du)快、工作效率(lv)高等優點，在未來的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)纜故障(zhang)檢測(ce)中(zhong)，紅(hong)外(wai)熱(re)(re)像技術必將發揮更大的(de)(de)作用。 

　　總之，電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)安全、可靠工(gong)作(zuo)為(wei)供(gong)(gong)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)正(zheng)常工(gong)作(zuo)提供(gong)(gong)了(le)保障。我(wo)們要在充(chong)分了(le)解和掌握(wo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)絕緣老化(hua)和絕緣擊穿原理，各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)測試(shi)儀器(qi)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)原理和性能，基本測量(liang)(liang)方(fang)法、測量(liang)(liang)步(bu)驟和測量(liang)(liang)原理以及(ji)測量(liang)(liang)方(fang)法的(de)利(li)弊的(de)同時，敏銳地抓住各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)測量(liang)(liang)方(fang)法的(de)原理、優(you)缺點和適用環境(jing)，挖掘其更深(shen)層次的(de)含義，從而及(ji)時、準確地查找和定位出故障點，為(wei)進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)采(cai)取(qu)相應處(chu)理措(cuo)施提供(gong)(gong)條件，為(wei)正(zheng)常供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)提供(gong)(gong)保障。