將豎直(zhi)(zhi)天線與(yu)地面(mian)保持(chi)垂直(zhi)(zhi),在可(ke)能出現電纜的(de)位置呈“S”形行走(zou),當向某(mou)一個方向連續移(yi)(yi)動(dong)時信(xin)號(hao)增強,繼續朝此(ci)(ci)方向移(yi)(yi)動(dong)直(zhi)(zhi)到信(xin)號(hao)達到強點(dian),停(ting)在此(ci)(ci)處,然后在保持(chi)豎直(zhi)(zhi)天線與(yu)地面(mian)垂直(zhi)(zhi)的(de)同(tong)時,旋轉水平天線,當信(xin)號(hao)強時,電纜即(ji)在天線的(de)正下(xia)方,并且沿與(yu)水平天線垂直(zhi)(zhi)的(de)方向延(yan)伸。
如圖3.2峰值法(fa)尋(xun)找路徑時,在(zai)同一空間位置上,水平天線越(yue)垂直(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)走向(xiang),信(xin)號越(yue)強;當(dang)水平天線始終垂直(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)走向(xiang)時,距離電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)越(yue)近(jin),信(xin)號越(yue)強。沿著垂直(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的方向(xiang)前(qian)進,當(dang)某點處信(xin)號較強,而附近(jin)兩邊信(xin)號較弱,呈現(xian)“A”型變化規律(lv)時,則(ze)較強點即為電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)正上方。
如圖3.3谷值法尋找路(lu)徑時,保持豎直天線(xian)與(yu)地面垂(chui)直,在離(li)地等(deng)高的(de)平(ping)面上(shang),向各個方向平(ping)移路(lu)徑接收機,當某點(dian)處信號較(jiao)弱(ruo),而(er)附近兩邊信號較(jiao)強,稍遠(yuan)的(de)兩邊均減弱(ruo),呈(cheng)現“M”型(xing)的(de)變化規律時,則較(jiao)弱(ruo)點(dian)即為電纜(lan)的(de)正上(shang)方。
如需對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)(de)埋深測(ce)試(shi),可以采用45°角(jiao)法測(ce)試(shi)。測(ce)試(shi)深度(du)時(shi),儀器(qi)的(de)(de)設(she)置與谷值法的(de)(de)設(she)置相同,首先找(zhao)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜正上(shang)方,并(bing)且(qie)明確電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜走(zou)向(xiang)后(hou),在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜正上(shang)方將路徑接收機向(xiang)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜走(zou)向(xiang)垂直(zhi)的(de)(de)方向(xiang)傾斜(xie)45°角(jiao)。然后(hou)保持角(jiao)度(du)不變(bian)向(xiang)此方向(xiang)平移,當(dang)出現(xian)“M”型信(xin)號特征的(de)(de)較弱(ruo)點時(shi),從電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜正上(shang)方平移過的(de)(de)距離就是埋設(she)深度(du)。
在(zai)圖4.2中,M點(dian)(dian)(dian)為接地釬所在(zai)的位(wei)置(zhi),在(zai)M點(dian)(dian)(dian)附近的10-20米的范(fan)圍內形成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)一(yi)個圓形電(dian)(dian)場區域(yu)(yu),在(zai)故障(zhang)點(dian)(dian)(dian)所在(zai)的位(wei)置(zhi)N點(dian)(dian)(dian)也形成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)一(yi)個類似(si)的圓形電(dian)(dian)場區域(yu)(yu)。為了(le)(le)便于說明將此電(dian)(dian)場區域(yu)(yu)以(yi)M點(dian)(dian)(dian)為界(jie)限分(fen)成(cheng)(cheng)A區域(yu)(yu)和(he)B區域(yu)(yu)。同理,以(yi)故障(zhang)點(dian)(dian)(dian)N所在(zai)的位(wei)置(zhi)為界(jie)限分(fen)為C和(he)D兩個區域(yu)(yu)。測試者只(zhi)要(yao)按照如下(xia)的步驟進行(xing)測試就可以(yi)找到故障(zhang)點(dian)(dian)(dian)N。
步驟1信(xin)(xin)(xin)號鎖(suo)定:測試(shi)者面(mian)朝電纜的(de)(de)(de)終端,手(shou)持(chi)故障(zhang)定位(wei)儀橫梁的(de)(de)(de)中心(xin)點(dian)。先將定位(wei)儀在A區域(yu)距離M點(dian)2~3米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)位(wei)置(zhi)良好扎地(注意不要太(tai)近!),然后(hou)按下鎖(suo)定開(kai)關(guan)按鈕1~2秒,定位(wei)儀開(kai)機大約(yue)8秒后(hou)顯示此處(chu)接(jie)收的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)號強度,同時完成了(le)信(xin)(xin)(xin)號鎖(suo)定,只要中途不關(guan)機故障(zhang)定位(wei)儀將一直鎖(suo)定此信(xin)(xin)(xin)號。繼續(xu)向前測試(shi),接(jie)下來就(jiu)出現(xian)如圖4.2所示的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)規律“A區域(yu)紅燈亮,信(xin)(xin)(xin)號逐(zhu)漸增強;B區域(yu)綠(lv)燈亮,信(xin)(xin)(xin)號逐(zhu)漸減弱(ruo)”。
注意事項(xiang):按下(xia)鎖(suo)定(ding)開關按鈕1~2秒,在(zai)開機的8秒內10級信號強度(du)用來顯示(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)量,電(dian)(dian)(dian)量充足時將有2個燈亮;電(dian)(dian)(dian)池欠壓(ya)時沒(mei)有燈亮,這時使用者需更換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池!