電力電纜故障測試儀的(de)工(gong)作原理:方法是首先在不(bu)擊(ji)穿(chuan)被測電(dian)(dian)纜故障(zhang)(zhang)點的(de)情況下,測得低(di)壓(ya)(ya)脈(mo)沖(chong)的(de)反射波(bo)形,緊接著用高壓(ya)(ya)脈(mo)沖(chong)擊(ji)穿(chuan)電(dian)(dian)纜的(de)故障(zhang)(zhang)點產生電(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu),電(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)降到一定(ding)值時(shi)觸發(fa)中(zhong)壓(ya)(ya)脈(mo)沖(chong)來穩(wen)定(ding)和延長電(dian)(dian)弧(hu)(hu)時(shi)間,之(zhi)后(hou)再發(fa)出低(di)壓(ya)(ya)脈(mo)沖(chong),從而得到故障(zhang)(zhang)點的(de)反射波(bo)形,兩條波(bo)形疊(die)加后(hou)同樣可以發(fa)現(xian)發(fa)散(san)點就(jiu)是故障(zhang)(zhang)點對(dui)應的(de)位置。
由于采(cai)用了中壓脈(mo)沖來穩定和(he)延長(chang)電弧時(shi)間(jian),比(bi)二次脈(mo)沖法(fa)更容易得(de)到故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)點波形(xing)。相對(dui)于二次脈(mo)沖法(fa)由于三(san)次脈(mo)沖法(fa)不用選擇(ze)燃弧的(de)同步時(shi)長(chang),操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)起來也跟(gen)加簡(jian)便。三(san)次脈(mo)沖法(fa)采(cai)用雙(shuang)沖擊方(fang)(fang)法(fa)延長(chang)燃弧時(shi)間(jian)并穩弧,能(neng)夠輕易地定位(wei)高(gao)阻故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)和(he)閃(shan)絡性故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)。三(san)次脈(mo)沖法(fa)技術(shu)先進(jin),操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)簡(jian)單,波形(xing)清晰(xi),定位(wei)快速準確,目前(qian)已經成(cheng)為高(gao)阻故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)和(he)閃(shan)絡性故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)的(de)主流定位(wei)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)。三(san)次脈(mo)沖法(fa)是二次脈(mo)沖法(fa)的(de)升級(ji)。
讓電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)高(gao)阻故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)點(dian)發(fa)生擊(ji)穿燃弧。同時(shi),測試端加入丈(zhang)(zhang)量用的(de)低壓(ya)脈(mo)沖,丈(zhang)(zhang)量脈(mo)沖到達電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)高(gao)阻故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)點(dian)時(shi),遇(yu)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)弧,電(dian)(dian)(dian)弧的(de)外(wai)表發(fa)生反(fan)射。由(you)于燃弧時(shi),高(gao)阻故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)變成了瞬(shun)間的(de)短(duan)路(lu)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang),低壓(ya)丈(zhang)(zhang)量脈(mo)沖將發(fa)生明顯的(de)阻抗特征變化,使(shi)得閃(shan)絡測量的(de)波形(xing)變為低壓(ya)脈(mo)沖短(duan)路(lu)波形(xing),使(shi)得波形(xing)判別(bie)特別(bie)簡單(dan)清晰。
這(zhe)就是(shi)(shi)稱之(zhi)為(wei)的二次(ci)脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)法”接(jie)收(shou)到低壓脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)反射波形相當于一個線芯(xin)對地完全短路的波形。將釋放高(gao)壓脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)時與未釋放高(gao)壓脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)時所得到低壓脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)波形進行疊加,2個波形會有一個發散點,這(zhe)發散點就是(shi)(shi)故障點的反射波形點。這(zhe)種(zhong)方法把低壓脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)法和高(gao)壓閃絡(luo)技術(shu)結合在(zai)一起,使測試人員更(geng)容(rong)易判斷(duan)出故障點的位(wei)置。
與傳統的(de)測試(shi)方法相比,弧反(fan)射法(二次脈(mo)沖(chong)法)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)故(gu)障(zhang)定(ding)位中的(de)應用(yong)的(de)工(gong)作原(yuan)理:首先(xian)使用(yong)一定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等級、一定(ding)能量的(de)高壓脈(mo)沖(chong)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)測試(shi)端施加給故(gu)障(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)。二次脈(mo)沖(chong)法的(de)先(xian)進之處,將沖(chong)擊高壓閃絡法中的(de)復雜波形簡(jian)化為zui簡(jian)單的(de)低壓脈(mo)沖(chong)短路故(gu)障(zhang)波形,所(suo)以(yi)判(pan)讀極為簡(jian)單,可(ke)準確標定(ding)故(gu)障(zhang)距離。