35kv高壓電纜故障查找及定位方法：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)設計(ji)中(zhong)，包含單(dan)(dan)芯(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)和三芯(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)，通常情況下，對(dui)于(yu)6至(zhi)10kV的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)，應選取三芯(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)；而(er)超過66kV的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)，則選取單(dan)(dan)芯(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)。然(ran)而(er)，對(dui)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等(deng)級為35kV的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)來說，其既可以選擇三芯(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)，也可以選擇單(dan)(dan)芯(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)，35kV電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)選擇問題(ti)成為廣(guang)大工程技術(shu)工作(zuo)者關注的(de)焦點。過對(dui)35 kV三芯(xin)與(yu)單(dan)(dan)芯(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)分析與(yu)比(bi)較,明確了各自的(de)適(shi)用環境與(yu)條(tiao)件(jian),可以為廣(guang)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力技術(shu)人員在(zai)工程實踐中(zhong)選用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)提供一定的(de)借鑒與(yu)幫助。
電纜故障的原因:
a）電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)的機械損(sun)傷(shang)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)在(zai)安裝(zhuang)的過(guo)程中很有可能(neng)因為施工(gong)疏(shu)忽造(zao)成機械損(sun)傷(shang)，在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)敷設的過(guo)程中由(you)于拉動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)的力(li)(li)度(du)過(guo)大，或是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)拖(tuo)地(di)摩擦等，都有可能(neng)使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)的保護(hu)層受到破壞，或者是(shi)(shi)在(zai)安裝(zhuang)完成后，當(dang)靠近電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)進行作業時，直接外(wai)力(li)(li)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)造(zao)成破壞。其次，惡(e)劣的自然(ran)環境(jing)也(ye)可能(neng)會對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)線造(zao)成損(sun)傷(shang)，導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)的內絕緣膠膨脹(zhang)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)護(hu)套脹(zhang)裂等問題。
b）絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)受(shou)潮及老(lao)化變(bian)質(zhi)。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)密封效(xiao)果不良，很(hen)有出現電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)受(shou)潮的情況。受(shou)潮后(hou)，會降低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，露電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)將(jiang)會不斷增大，介質(zhi)的損(sun)耗也逐漸增大，熱(re)效(xiao)應越來越嚴(yan)重，在熱(re)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的影(ying)響(xiang)下，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)性能會因此改變(bian)，大大降低了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)強度，進而(er)致(zhi)使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)老(lao)化崩潰。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)介質(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離時，絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)發(fa)生碳化，氣隙中會產生部分臭氧來腐(fu)蝕絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)，進而(er)導致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)失去絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)能力。
c） 超(chao)(chao)負荷(he)運行(xing)(xing)(xing)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)線(xian)是(shi)不(bu)允許超(chao)(chao)負荷(he)運行(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)，過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)與(yu)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓均(jun)可能導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)損(sun)壞(huai)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)具(ju)有(you)熱效應，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)流(liu)過(guo)，介質的(de)(de)(de)損(sun)耗造成大(da)量(liang)熱量(liang)加上電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)運行(xing)(xing)(xing)發(fa)出的(de)(de)(de)熱量(liang)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)長時間的(de)(de)(de)運行(xing)(xing)(xing)和負載的(de)(de)(de)增加，會使電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)溫度(du)逐(zhu)漸升高，如果(guo)是(shi)夏季，再加上外界(jie)環境的(de)(de)(de)溫度(du)，往往會造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)出現一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)損(sun)壞(huai)。另外當電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)內部出現過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓問題(ti)時，很容易引(yin)起電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)線(xian)的(de)(de)(de)絕緣擊(ji)穿(chuan)。
d）電纜接(jie)(jie)頭(tou)故(gu)障(zhang)。電纜接(jie)(jie)頭(tou)是電纜線路中薄弱(ruo)的環節，由人(ren)員(yuan)直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)過失（施(shi)工不良）引發(fa)的電纜接(jie)(jie)頭(tou)故(gu)障(zhang)時常發(fa)生(sheng)。如接(jie)(jie)頭(tou)壓接(jie)(jie)不實(shi)、加熱(re)不充分(fen)等原因等。
電纜故障的查找方法及定位
a）等(deng)電(dian)(dian)位(wei)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)法。等(deng)電(dian)(dian)位(wei)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)法又被稱為零(ling)電(dian)(dian)位(wei)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)法。具體(ti)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)步驟如下：①選取與(yu)故障(zhang)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)規格相(xiang)同、長度相(xiang)等(deng)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)，保證測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)準確。②將這(zhe)條電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)與(yu)故障(zhang)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)并聯連接。③將伏安特性(xing)表(biao)的(de)(de)負極接地，正(zheng)極從并聯電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)一端開始(shi)移(yi)動(dong)，直至伏安特性(xing)表(biao)的(de)(de)讀(du)數為零(ling)時(shi)停止(zhi)移(yi)動(dong)。此時(shi)，與(yu)正(zheng)常電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)相(xiang)對應的(de)(de)那條故障(zhang)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)就是故障(zhang)點的(de)(de)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)。等(deng)電(dian)(dian)位(wei)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)法測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)精確、簡便，不(bu)需要精密的(de)(de)儀器和復雜的(de)(de)計算，不(bu)過這(zhe)種方(fang)法也存在局限性(xing)，即它不(bu)適(shi)用(yong)于遠距離的(de)(de) 電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)故障(zhang)查找(zhao)和定位(wei)。
b）聲(sheng)測定(ding)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)。聲(sheng)測法(fa)(fa)，顧名思義是(shi)按照故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)釋放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)聲(sheng)查(cha)(cha)找(zhao)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)，聲(sheng)測定(ding)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)適合電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)主(zhu)絕緣故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)精確(que)(que)定(ding)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。利用(yong)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)在高壓沖擊時的(de)(de)(de)擊穿放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)聲(sheng)音進(jin)行精確(que)(que)的(de)(de)(de)定(ding)位。其工作原(yuan)理首(shou)(shou)先(xian)需(xu)要一個能(neng)使故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)產生(sheng)規(gui)(gui)則放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)裝置，利用(yong)該裝置使故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，然后(hou)(hou)才(cai)可以在初測的(de)(de)(de)距(ju)離附(fu)近，沿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)線路(lu)，用(yong)拾音器來接收(shou)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)聲(sheng)波(bo)，如果已經(jing)聽到(dao)有規(gui)(gui)律的(de)(de)(de)啪啪聲(sheng)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)就在此附(fu)件，此時沿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)走向，前(qian)后(hou)(hou)移(yi)動定(ding)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)儀，最(zui)(zui)后(hou)(hou)集中于(yu)最(zui)(zui)響(xiang)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，以此來確(que)(que)定(ding)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)精確(que)(que)位置。明敷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)可根據聽覺直接查(cha)(cha)找(zhao)，而(er)暗敷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)則首(shou)(shou)先(xian)需(xu)求表明電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)走向，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)聲(sheng)最(zui)(zui)小時借助助聽器或聽診(zhen)器放(fang)(fang)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)聲(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)辦法(fa)(fa)進(jin)行查(cha)(cha)找(zhao)。在查(cha)(cha)找(zhao)過(guo)程(cheng)中，拾音器可貼近地(di)面，沿著(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)走向緩慢移(yi)動，如聽到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)聲(sheng)達到(dao)最(zui)(zui)大(da)則判定(ding)該位置為故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。應用(yong)本方(fang)法(fa)(fa)僅(jin)需(xu)注意安全問題，試驗設備端和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)末端需(xu)由專(zhuan)人監視試驗過(guo)程(cheng)。
c）沖閃法(fa)。“沖閃法(fa)”在一(yi)(yi)定內被廣泛(fan)的(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)排(pai)(pai)除中，并得到了一(yi)(yi)致好評。后(hou)來相關(guan)人士發明了以“沖閃法(fa)”為原理的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)測(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)儀，這(zhe)種測(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)儀極大(da)方(fang)便(bian)了為電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)查找和排(pai)(pai)除。這(zhe)種儀器在測(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)時，首先要先根據(ju)情況判斷出(chu)(chu)(chu)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)可能(neng)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現的(de)(de)(de)部位，再選用(yong)合適的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)，若(ruo)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現的(de)(de)(de)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)是(shi)接地(di)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)，就直接選用(yong)測(ce)(ce)(ce)距儀；如(ru)果出(chu)(chu)(chu)現的(de)(de)(de)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)是(shi)高(gao)阻(zu)(zu)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)，就可以采用(yong)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)沖擊放電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)，同時，還(huan)會(hui)用(yong)到很多其它的(de)(de)(de)設備如(ru)：放電(dian)(dian)(dian)球、高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)脈沖電(dian)(dian)(dian)容、限流電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)以及高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)等等，實際操(cao)作起來對操(cao)作者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)比較高(gao)，還(huan)會(hui)有大(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)安全隱患。當判斷出(chu)(chu)(chu)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)可能(neng)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現的(de)(de)(de)部位后(hou)，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)路(lu)找到電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)號(hao)并接受此(ci)信(xin)號(hao)，繼而這(zhe)個信(xin)號(hao)路(lu)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)找一(yi)(yi)遍(bian)，這(zhe)樣就基本確定了電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)路(lu)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)。但是(shi)，通(tong)常電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)路(lu)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)會(hui)有一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)誤(wu)差。最后(hou)要根據(ju)聲(sheng)音來測(ce)(ce)(ce)定距離，從一(yi)(yi)個固的(de)(de)(de)點打火放電(dian)(dian)(dian)產生聲(sheng)音，通(tong)過耳聽聲(sheng)音最大(da)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)方(fang)，從而定故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)點。
d）電(dian)橋(qiao)法。電(dian)橋(qiao)法較(jiao)為傳統，先測(ce)得(de)電(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)總長(chang)度(du)，獲(huo)取橋(qiao)壁平衡所需調節的(de)(de)數據，在此(ci)基礎上，對(dui)測(ce)點到故障(zhang)出現(xian)處(chu)的(de)(de)距離進行(xing)計算。該方法比較(jiao)適宜在發生相(xiang)間短路的(de)(de)情況中使用，不僅方便(bian)快捷，而且誤差較(jiao)小。其(qi)缺點在于要提前獲(huo)得(de)電(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)準確(que)長(chang)度(du)等信息資料，且電(dian)纜(lan)還需有(you)一個絕(jue)緣良(liang)好相(xiang)。而實際中，高阻故障(zhang)或閃絡故障(zhang)居多，如果采用此(ci)方法，則需要花費過(guo)多的(de)(de)時間。
e）低壓脈(mo)沖(chong)發射法(fa)。該方法(fa)主(zhu)要是將低壓脈(mo)沖(chong)通過一(yi)定方式傳(chuan)(chuan)遞(di)到(dao)電力(li)電纜中，并(bing)不斷(duan)傳(chuan)(chuan)播，所傳(chuan)(chuan)遞(di)脈(mo)沖(chong)的頻率通常都比較高。這些低壓脈(mo)沖(chong)在電纜中傳(chuan)(chuan)播時具有(you)自動(dong)辨識功能，一(yi)旦遇到(dao)故障點，電磁波就(jiu)會(hui)發生反射，最(zui)終由測量儀器接(jie)受(shou)。
f）直(zhi)流(liu)閃(shan)(shan)絡(luo)(luo)(luo)法(fa)。在(zai)閃(shan)(shan)絡(luo)(luo)(luo)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)中(zhong)多用(yong)(yong)(yong)此種(zhong)方法(fa)，借(jie)助直(zhi)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)在(zai)極其短暫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時間內將纜故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)點(dian)(dian)擊(ji)(ji)穿，引(yin)(yin)起故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)點(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)閃(shan)(shan)絡(luo)(luo)(luo)，然(ran)后量其波形(xing)，目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是準掌(zhang)握測量點(dian)(dian)到故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)點(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)距離。波形(xing)比較容(rong)易理(li)解(jie)，而且具有(you)很高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精確度，在(zai)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)較高(gao)(gao)而引(yin)(yin)起的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)閃(shan)(shan)絡(luo)(luo)(luo)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)中(zhong)較常用(yong)(yong)(yong)，但如果故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)點(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)阻太低，則(ze)不適(shi)合選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)這種(zhong)方法(fa)，否(fou)則(ze)容(rong)易泄漏電(dian)流(liu)，流(liu)經電(dian)纜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)減小(xiao)，故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)點(dian)(dian)難以形(xing)成閃(shan)(shan)絡(luo)(luo)(luo)，此時比較適(shi)合選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)閃(shan)(shan)絡(luo)(luo)(luo)法(fa)。高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)閃(shan)(shan)絡(luo)(luo)(luo)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵在(zai)于(yu)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)點(dian)(dian)是否(fou)擊(ji)(ji)穿放電(dian)。需注意的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是，間隙放電(dian)和故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)點(dian)(dian)被擊(ji)(ji)穿是沒有(you)必然(ran)聯系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。
電力電纜故障點定位及查找新技術
a）高(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)感(gan)(gan)應定(ding)(ding)位(wei)(wei)法(fa)。通過利用(yong)高(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)信號波發生(sheng)(sheng)裝(zhuang)置向電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)輸入高(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin) 電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，由此產生(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)波，并(bing)由地(di)上探(tan)頭沿著電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)路徑接收電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)周邊的(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)場，電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)場的(de)變化(hua)經接收和處理直接顯示(shi)于(yu)液(ye)(ye)晶屏幕(mu)上，按照顯示(shi)數值的(de)大小判定(ding)(ding)故(gu)障點位(wei)(wei)置。高(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)感(gan)(gan)應定(ding)(ding)位(wei)(wei)法(fa)和傳統音頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)感(gan)(gan)應定(ding)(ding)位(wei)(wei)法(fa)更(geng)(geng)具優勢，高(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)信號源比音頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)信號源更(geng)(geng)易實現且(qie)制造簡單，也(ye)可減少(shao)定(ding)(ding)點探(tan)測(ce)設備的(de)體(ti)積和重量，為(wei)小型化(hua)、便攜式(shi)設備創造更(geng)(geng)為(wei)有(you)利的(de)條件。另(ling)外，高(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)信號的(de)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)譜(pu)抗干擾能力更(geng)(geng)強(qiang)，直接顯示(shi)于(yu)液(ye)(ye)晶屏幕(mu)的(de)方式(shi)要比依(yi)靠人耳辨別(bie)更(geng)(geng)為(wei)可靠和直接，采用(yong)高(gao)(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)感(gan)(gan)應定(ding)(ding)位(wei)(wei)法(fa)也(ye)可在(zai)不停的(de)情況下以耦合式(shi)接線方式(shi)來完成(cheng)在(zai)線故(gu)障探(tan)測(ce)。
b）紅外(wai)(wai)熱象技術。電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)過(guo)載，芯(xin)(xin)線(xian)的(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)急(ji)劇(ju)攀升，由此可(ke)以對(dui)電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)芯(xin)(xin)線(xian)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)變(bian)化作為(wei)判(pan)定(ding)故(gu)障位置的(de)(de)依據(ju)。采用紅外(wai)(wai)熱象儀掃描電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)表(biao)面(mian)，拍(pai)攝表(biao)面(mian)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)場的(de)(de)分(fen)布圖(tu)像，進一(yi)步處(chu)理得到溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)場的(de)(de)數值分(fen)布，然后(hou)可(ke)根據(ju)已建(jian)立的(de)(de)傳熱數學模型(xing)、電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)結(jie)構(gou)參數、物性參數、環境溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)和表(biao)面(mian)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)芯(xin)(xin)線(xian)的(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)進行反演計算，從而可(ke)以實現(xian)電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)芯(xin)(xin)線(xian)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)非接觸(chu)故(gu)障探(tan)測(ce)。正是紅外(wai)(wai)技術不需接觸(chu)設(she)備(bei)，不要求設(she)備(bei)停運，且具有操作簡便、檢測(ce)速度(du)(du)快、工(gong)作效率高等優(you)點(dian)，在未來(lai)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)故(gu)障檢測(ce)中，紅外(wai)(wai)熱像技術必(bi)將發揮更(geng)大(da)的(de)(de)作用。
總之，電(dian)纜的(de)(de)安全、可靠(kao)工(gong)作為供(gong)配電(dian)系統的(de)(de)正常工(gong)作提(ti)供(gong)了(le)保障(zhang)。我們要(yao)在充分(fen)了(le)解和(he)掌握電(dian)纜絕緣老化和(he)絕緣擊穿原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)，各種(zhong)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)儀器的(de)(de)工(gong)作原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)和(he)性能(neng)，基(ji)本測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)方法、測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)步驟和(he)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)以及(ji)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)方法的(de)(de)利弊(bi)的(de)(de)同時，敏銳地抓住各種(zhong)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)方法的(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)、優(you)缺(que)點(dian)和(he)適用環境，挖掘(jue)其更深層次的(de)(de)含義，從而及(ji)時、準(zhun)確地查找(zhao)和(he)定(ding)位(wei)出故障(zhang)點(dian)，為進(jin)一步采取相應處理(li)措施提(ti)供(gong)條件，為正常供(gong)電(dian)提(ti)供(gong)保障(zhang)。
