地(di)下電(dian)纜(lan)故(gu)障點(dian)(dian)定位儀器，可以(yi)準(zhun)確定位地(di)下敷設(she)電(dian)纜(lan)的短路故(gu)障點(dian)(dian)，工作原理是通過在故(gu)障電(dian)纜(lan)施加高(gao)電(dian)壓(ya)，在短路故(gu)障點(dian)(dian)會(hui)產(chan)生(sheng)高(gao)壓(ya)放電(dian)，在地(di)面通過偵測設(she)備(bei)準(zhun)確定位。對(dui)快速查找故(gu)障點(dian)(dian)提供了很(hen)大幫助。
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)定位(wei)儀(yi)是對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)進行定位(wei)的測試(shi)(shi)的試(shi)(shi)驗儀(yi)器，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)定位(wei)儀(yi)能(neng)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的高阻(zu)閃絡故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)，高低阻(zu)性的接地(di)，短路(lu)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的斷線(xian)，接觸不良等故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)進行測試(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)定位(wei)儀(yi)配備聲測法(fa)定點(dian)(dian)(dian)儀(yi)，可(ke)以用(yong)來準(zhun)確測定故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)點(dian)(dian)(dian)的準(zhun)確位(wei)置(zhi)，適用(yong)于測試(shi)(shi)各(ge)種(zhong)型號、不同等級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)及(ji)通(tong)信(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)定位(wei)儀(yi)的試(shi)(shi)驗原(yuan)(yuan)理是通(tong)過發射(she)脈(mo)沖(chong)和反射(she)脈(mo)沖(chong)之(zhi)間的距離(li)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)定位(wei)儀(yi)實現定位(wei)的主要原(yuan)(yuan)理是跨步(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓定點(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)。
電(dian)纜故(gu)障定位儀跨步電(dian)壓(ya)定點法(fa)：給被測(ce)電(dian)纜施加脈動或(huo)脈沖信號(hao)，如果電(dian)纜故(gu)障點處存(cun)在(zai)破(po)損并接大地，在(zai)故(gu)障點附近(jin)就存(cun)在(zai)跨步電(dian)壓(ya)現象，故(gu)障點前(qian)、后電(dian)壓(ya)方向(xiang)互(hu)反。
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)定(ding)位(wei)(wei)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)原理(li)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)主機、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)定(ding)位(wei)(wei)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)路徑(jing)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)三個(ge)主要(yao)部分組成。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)主機用于測(ce)(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)性質，全長(chang)及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)點(dian)(dian)距測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)端的(de)(de)(de)大致(zhi)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)定(ding)點(dian)(dian)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)主機確(que)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)點(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)大致(zhi)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)基礎上來(lai)確(que)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)點(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)準確(que)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)。對(dui)于未知走(zou)(zou)向(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)埋地(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)，需使用路徑(jing)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)來(lai)確(que)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)下(xia)走(zou)(zou)向(xiang)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)進行測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)基本方法是(shi)通(tong)過對(dui)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)施加(jia)高(gao)壓脈沖，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)點(dian)(dian)處產(chan)生擊穿，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)擊穿點(dian)(dian)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)同時對(dui)外產(chan)生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)波并同時發出(chu)聲音(yin)。
首先通過兆歐表判斷出哪幾相電纜存在短路故障，將高壓發生器放電端口通過放電夾鉗接入。將放電夾鉗接入故障電纜，另一頭接高壓電容。
合上開關，啟動設備，將轉換開關打到連續放電。緩慢加大放電電壓。
有時放電(dian)(dian)充分直接(jie)就可以聽到(dao)“啪啪”的(de)(de)放電(dian)(dian)聲，在(zai)故障點處能(neng)明(ming)顯感覺到(dao)地面的(de)(de)震動。找到(dao)故障點后，開挖修復。
